论政治经济学研究对象的客观性

On the Objectivity of the Study Subject of Political Economics

政治经济学的研究对象是人类社会一定历史阶段上的社会生产,政治经济学资本主义部分的研究对象是资本主义社会生产,从这个意义上说,马克思主义政治经济学和西方资产阶级经济学有共同的客观研究对象。客观的政治经济学研究对象,决定了政治经济学的真理性和表述的一致性。人类社会一定历史阶段上的社会生产,从它相对于其他社会历史阶段的生产来看,就是一种特殊的社会生产方式。作为政治经济学研究对象的人类社会一定历史阶段的社会生产,或者一定的社会生产方式,包括生产的自然属性和社会属性,是二者的有机结合和统一。学术界关于政治经济学研究对象的论争,很大程度上源于对政治经济学研究对象和理论表述统一性没有明确的认识,或者很大程度上是由于用语方面的不一致造成的。明确政治经济学研究对象的客观性和理论表述的一致性,对于政治经济学的学科建设、对于马克思主义经济学的指导地位、对于以马克思主义唯物辩证法指导中国的国有企业改革都具有重要的现实意义。

Political economics refers to the study of social production on the certain stage of human society. The capitalist political economics is one of the approaches to studying capitalist social production. In a sense, the objective study subject of Marxist political economics and capitalist political economics is the same. It determines the consistency of truth and interpretation of political economics. Social production on certain historical stage of human society is a special kind of social production, compared with the productions on other stages. Social production, as the study subject of political economics on certain stage of human society, is the rational unity of natural attributes and social attributes of social mode of production. There is a hot debate on the study subject of political economics in academic circle due to the unclear theoretical understanding of study subject or due to the inconsistent terminology. It is of practical significance to clarify the objectivity of the study subject and the consistency of the theoretical interpretation of political economics, which will be vital for discipline construction of political economy, the guiding place of Marxism economics and the reform of state-owned enterprises led by Marxist materialist dialectics.