黄土丘陵沟壑脆弱生态区耕地资源价值动态变化研究——以上黄试区为例

Dynamics of cropland resources value in fragile ecological zones of the loess hilly-gully region: A case study of Shanghuang Experiment Area

深化对耕地资源价值的认识,有助于实现耕地资源价值重建和耕地保护。本文以黄土丘陵沟壑区为研究对象,以宁夏回族自治区固原市原州区上黄试区为例,分析了耕地资源的价值体系,提出耕地资源经济产出价值、社会保障功能价值以及生态服务功能价值的估算方法,并对上黄试区1982年、2000年和2010年耕地资源价值进行了测算。结果表明:治理前(1982年),上黄试区耕地资源的价值较低,仅为4.37万元·hm-2 ,治理期(1982—2000年)和退耕期间(2001—2010年),上黄试区耕地资源价值有较快增长,两时期末的2000年和2010年分别达到24.13万元·hm-2 和56.47万元·hm-2 。其中耕地资源的经济产出价值增长最快,1982年仅为0.87万元·hm-2 ,2000年和2010年分别达到10.96万元·hm-2 和21.86万元·hm-2 ,耕地资源经济产出价值占耕地资源价值比重也由1982年的19.91%提升到2000年和2010年的45.41%和38.71%;其次是耕地资源社会保障价值,1982年耕地资源社会保障价值为2.11万元·hm-2 ,2000年和2010年分别达到8.37万元·hm-2 和25.00万元·hm-2 ;整个研究期间,耕地资源生态服务功能价值不断提升,1982年为1.39万元·hm-2 ,2000年和2010年分别达到4.81万元·hm-2 和9.62万元·hm-2 。不同时期耕地资源价值变化的影响因素不同,上黄试区综合生态经济治理期间(1982―2000年),科技因素对耕地资源价值提升起主导作用;而退耕期间(2001―2010年),政策因素对耕地资源价值提升起主导作用。为促进上黄试区耕地资源价值进一步提升,需要进一步对现有部分坡耕地实施退耕,提高耕地质量和集约化水平,实施农业节水工程建设等措施,提高耕地资源化配置水平。

The purpose of this paper was to reconstruct the value theory of cropland resources and to protect croplands, to deepen our understanding of the value of cropland resources. The paper used the Shanghuang Experimental Area as a case study of the loess hilly-gully region to analyze the value system of cropland resources and proposed an efficient estimation method. The evaluated value system included economic value, social insurance value and ecological service value. Based on the method, the paper quantitatively analyzed the economic value, social insurance value and ecological service value of cropland resources in Shanghuang Experiment Area for 1982, 2000 and 2010, respectively representing the periods of before governance, governance and Grain for Green. The results suggested that the total value of croplands was low in 1982, which was only 43 700 Yuan·hm^-2. During the periods of governance （1982 to 2000） and of Grain for Green （2001 to 2010）, the value of cropland resources rapidly grew. It increased to 241 348 Yuan·hm^-2 during governance period and to 564 738 Yuan·hm^-2 during Grain for Green period. Economic value growth was Yuan·hm^-2 in 1982, increased to 109 600 Yuan·hm^-2 2000 the fastest during the whole study period, which was only 8 700 and to 218 600 Yuan·hm^-2 in 2010. The proportion of croplandeconomic value in 1982 was only 19.91%, which increased to 45.41% in 2000 and to 38.71% in 2010. Next was social insurance value, which was only 21 108 Yuan·hm^-2 in 1982 but increased to 83 656 Yuan·hm^-2 in 2000 and 249 956 Yuan·hm^-2 in 2010. Ecological service value continuously rose, rising from only 13 893 Yuan.hm 2 in 1982 to 48 091 Yuan·hm^-2 in 2000 and 96 182 Yuan·hm^-2 in 2010. Difference factors were responsible for the changes in cropland resources value in different periods. From 1982 to 2000, scientific and technological factors played significantly influence on the changes in cropland value. From the year 2001 to 2010, policy factors significantly drove cropland value. In order to further promote the value of cropland resources, it was necessary to strengthen the implementation of the policies on returning farmland to woodland and grassland, improving the quality and cultivation intensity of croplands and taking measures for agricultural water-saving. This could improve cropland resources allocation level in the loess hilly-gully region.