我国农地融资制度构建理路研究——基于对美国联邦土地银行制度的考察和借鉴

The Road to Establishing the Farmland Finance System:A Review and Revelation on the Federal Land Bank Legal System in U.S.A.

我国农村经济社会发展面临的两大实质性问题是农村资金资源和农地资源配置的不合理。不仅农地细碎化阻碍了农业现代化,而且农村资金的缺乏也阻碍了农村经济发展。"赋予农民更多财产权利,促进城乡要素平等交换"的核心在于实现农地顺畅流转和融资。美国联邦土地银行制度耦合农地和资金两大资源,并运用市场机制将社会资金引入农村,在美国发展成为农业强国的过程中发挥了决定性的作用。我国农地金融发展现状与20世纪初美国联邦土地银行初创阶段状况非常近似,本研究旨在通过分析借鉴美国联邦土地银行法律制度经验促进我国农地融资制度构建。

The development of China＇ s rural society must solve a substantive problem that the allocation of rural funding and farmland resource is unreasonable. It means that not only does Farmland operation＇ s fragmentation impede agricultural modernization but also the lack of fun- ding supply impedes the rural development. The key of granting farmers more property rights and enhancing equal exchange of factors of production between urban and rural areas is to realizing a more efficient transfer of the farm land resource and funding for that transfer in China. The Feder- al Land Bank legal system in U. S. A. joins farmland resource to capital resource, and relying on market mechanisms which introduces social capital in the rural areas. This played a critical role in the process of achieving agricultural power in U.S.A. The status quo of farmland finance in China is very similar to the initial stage situation of Federal Land Bank in U. S.A. in the early 20th century. The overall research objective is to design a farmland finance legal system through learning from the experience of the Federal Land Bank legal system in U. S. A.