论“赔偿协议”在国家赔偿中的生存可能

The Possibility of “Compensation Agreement” in the State Compensation

2010年新修改的《国家赔偿法》增设了协商程序,却未明文规定协商的结果可为"赔偿协议",原因概为理论上公权处分之考量与实践中可能出现的显失公平问题,但这不利于程序正义的实现。现行法中赔偿协议的生存障碍可通过理论辨析与制度设计加以解决,法理上赔偿协议亦有效率理论、合同自由理论、当事人参与理论与衡平理论为其正当性作支撑。在具体操作时,应通过信息公开、程序细化、第三方裁判与范围限定等程序司法化举措保证最终达成赔偿协议的合法性与合理性。

Because disposing of public right in theory and unconscionability problem in prac- rice, when ＂State Compensation Law ＂ modified in 2010, it added the negotiation procedure but no ＂compensation agreement＂ in provisions. It cannot promote procedural justice. This obstacle can be solved by theoretical analysis and system design. In theory, the ＂Compensation Agree- ment＂ can be supportedlby theory of Efficiency, Contract freedom, Parties participation and Equity. In practice, the legitimacy and rationality of ＂Compensation Agreement＂ can be reached by judiciary procedures such as information disclosure, procedure refinement, neutral referee and limited applicative scope.