玉溪地区前茬作物对烤烟产质量的影响及施肥改进措施

Flue-cured Tobacco Yield and Quality Influenced by Different Preceding Crops and Corresponding Improvement of Fertilizer Application in Yuxi

[目的]为玉溪烟区生态优质烟叶生产提供理论指导。[方法]依据不同小生态气候,选择玉溪有代表性的前茬轮作烟区,通过1年田间试验研究了小麦、油菜、豌豆、绿肥、叶菜类蔬菜、休闲对照等6类前茬对烤烟产质量、土壤养分变化的影响及施肥改进措施。[结果]对于叶菜类前茬,烤烟栽前土壤速效氮相比休闲对照显著增加,绿肥和叶菜类前茬处理烤烟长势强,后期落黄较慢,烟叶产量显著高于对照,但品质差,均价偏低;而对于小麦、油菜和豌豆前茬,烤烟栽前土壤速效氮和休闲对照相比无差异,烟叶品质、产值略高于对照。对于绿肥、叶菜类前茬,适当降低氮肥可增加钾肥供应,烟叶品质明显提升;对于小麦、油菜和豌豆前茬,保持烤烟施肥总量不变,适当减少基肥用量增加追肥用量,烟叶产质量显著高于休闲对照。[结论]烤烟施肥量和方法应根据不同的前茬作物而适当地调整,以实现烟叶生产的稳产提质,持续发展。

[ Objective] The research aimed to provide the theoretical direction for ecological and high quality flue-cured tobacco in Yuxi tobacco-growing area. [ Method] According to the different small ecological climate, representative crop-flue cured tobacco rotation area were chosen in Yuxi, and a field experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of 6 different preceding crops （ wheat, green manure, leaf vegetables. Feas, etc） on tobacco yield, quality, soil nutrients and propose the corresponding improvement of fertilizer application. [ Result ] The soil available nitrogen was increased significantly compared to CK of non-planting with preceding leaf vegetables. For preceding green manure and leaf vegetables, flue-cured tobacco grew rapidly, but yellowed slower which led to a significantly higher yield than CK, but the quality was poor and the average output value was low. As the preceding crops were wheat, rapeseed and peas, the soil available nitrogen was similar with CK. Furthermore, the tobacco quality was improved and the average output value was increased compared to CK. For preceding crops of green manure and leaf vegetables, it led to a great improvement of tobacco quality when nitrogen fertilizer were appropriately reduced and potash sup- ply was increased. In view of the preceding wheat, rapeseed and peas, the dosage of basal fertilizer decreased while remained total fertilizer a- mount,the tobacco leaf production and quality were significantly higher than CK. [ Conclusion] The application of tobacco fertilizer should be adjusted according to the different preceding crops, in order to realize the stable yield of tobacco leaf production and quality and sustainable development.