3种养殖模式下大黄鱼肌肉营养成分比较及品质评价

Evaluation of Nutrient Components and Nutritive Quality of Muscle of Big Yellow Croaker( Larimichthys crocea) in Different Aquaculture Model

为探明大型深水抗风浪网箱养殖大黄鱼与海区放养和传统普通网箱养殖大黄鱼的肌肉品质差异,测定了3种养殖模式下大黄鱼的一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质和微量元素组成。结果表明,海区放养大黄鱼粗蛋白含量高于深水网箱,显著高于普通网箱养殖大黄鱼(P<0.05)。普通网箱养殖大黄鱼粗脂肪含量是海区放养大黄鱼的2倍以上,深水养殖大黄鱼的粗脂肪含量介于二者之间。海区放养大黄鱼的脯氨酸含量高于深水网箱养殖大黄鱼,高于普通网箱养殖大黄鱼(P<0.05);丙氨酸、蛋氨酸和色氨酸的含量差异不显著(P<0.05);海区放养组其他氨基酸含量与深水网箱组差异不明显,显著高于普通网箱组(P<0.05)。脂肪酸含量排在前6位的分别是棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、DHA、EPA,放养大黄鱼和普通网箱养殖大黄鱼棕榈酸含量最高,深水网箱大黄鱼的油酸含量最高。不饱和脂肪酸含量依次为自然组(63.60)、深水网箱(66.32)、普通网箱(57.67),多不饱和脂肪酸含量依次为29.1、28.57、24.40,海区放养养殖大黄鱼DHA含量显著高于深水网箱和普通网箱养殖大黄鱼。3种养殖模式下锌含量差异不明显,海区放养和深水网箱大黄鱼的磷含量相同,高于普通网箱。海区放养钙和镁含量均高于深水网箱高于普通网箱。深水网箱硒含量和普通网箱养殖大黄鱼相当,低于海区放养大黄鱼。该研究对于不同养殖模式下大黄鱼肌肉品质及不同养殖来源的大黄鱼鉴定具有一定的应用价值。

In order to ascertain the nutrient components and nutritive quality of the muscle of the big yellow croaker in three cultured conditions （traditional cage, offshore cage and the sea）, the basic nutritional components, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral elements were determined. The results indicated that the crude protein in muscle was higher in sea compared with the croak cultured in traditional cage and offshore cage. The crude lipid of the tish cultured in the traditional cage was twice as high as the fish culture in the sea, while the fish cultured in the offshore cage was in the midd｜e. There was no significant difference in the content of alanine, methionine and tryptophan. The contents of the other amino acids had no significant difference between the fish cultured in sea and offshore cage, higher compared with the fish in tradi- tional cage. The fatty acid content in the top six was 9 - Hexadecenoic acid, palmitic acid, 9 - Octadecenoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, DHA and EPA. The palmitic acid content was the highest for croaker in traditional cage, while it was 9 - Octadecenoic acid for offshore cage mariculture. The content of unsaturated fatty acids was respectively 63.60, 66.32, 57.67 and polyunsaturated fatty acid was 29.10, 28.57, 24.40 for sea, offshore and traditional cage mariculture. The content of DHA in stocking was significantly higher than offshore and traditional cage maricuhure. The content of zinc had no significant in three culture model. The content of phosphorus was had no significant difference between the fish cultured in sea and offshore cage, higher compared with the fish in traditional cage. The sea cultured croak had the highest content of Calcium and phosphorus, the fish in traditional cage had the lowest content. The content of selenium was about the same between the offshore cage and traditional cage stocking, lower compared the stocking in the sea.