广东农业外来有害生物薇甘菊入侵的历史阶段与特点

Historical Stages and Characteristics of Invasion of Alien Species Mikania micrantha in Guangdong Province

广东地区是我国大陆薇甘菊入侵的首发区,同时也是薇甘菊危害最为严重地区,分布较广,入侵范围较大。至今,薇甘菊几乎覆盖广东全省各地区,对广东的经济、社会以及生态环境等造成巨大的危害。薇甘菊的防治主要有人工防治、化学防治以及生物防治3种手段。化学防治是现今防治薇甘菊较为常用的方法,主要的化学药剂有森草净、草甘膦、2,4-D、灭薇净等。在生物防治方面,常用防治薇甘菊的主要天敌有薇甘菊蓟马、艳婀珍蝶、安婀珍蝶、小衰蛾、紫红短须螨、菟丝子等。在利用方面,至今我国对薇甘菊的利用研究还不够深入,研究较少,还有待进一步发展。

Guangdong Province is the first area invaded by Mikania micrantha and the most seriously endangered area in China. Mikania micrantha is distributed widely with a large invasion range. So far, Mikania micrantha covers almost all regions in Guangdong Province, causing great harm to the economy, society and ecological environment. Currently, artificial control, chemical control and biological control are three major means for the prevention and control of Mikania micrantha. Chemical control is a commonly used method to prevent and control Mikania micrantha. Sulfometuron methyl, glyphosate, 2, 4-13 and Mieweijing are the major chemical agents. In biological control, Liothrips mikaniae Priesn. , Aetinote thalia pyrrha, Actinote anteas, Cryptothelea minuscala Butler, Brevipalpus phoenicis and Cuscuta chinensis are major predators of Mikania micrantha. At present, little information is available on the utilization of Mikania micrantha in China, which requires further investigation.