广西强天气气候特征及其探空特征物理量分析

Analysis on Climatic Characteristics of Severe Weather and Feature Physical Parameters of Sounding in Guangxi

通过统计历年实况资料,得出广西强天气的气候分布特征及其变化规律,然后利用大量样本的探空资料计算有利于强天气发生的特征物理量。结果表明,广西强天气有明显的地域分布特征,主要表现为雷暴南部多、北部少,其中桂东南和沿海地区是雷暴的高发区;冰雹主要出现在北部,桂南降雹少;广西东部和沿海地区为大风频发区;历年龙卷风天气发生次数不多,且集中在涠州岛及沿海地区;强降水呈南北2个高频带。雷暴、降雹和强降水的月变化均具有"单峰型"特征,大风月分布具有"双峰型"特征;强降水主要出现在夜间至次日08:00,大风、雷暴和冰雹天气则主要出现在午后至傍晚;广西强天气发生前在不同地域和不同天气系统影响下的温度层结和不稳定能量等探空特征物理量均有较大差异。

Based on the statistics of historical observed data, the spatial distribution of climate and its changing regularity during the severe weather in Guangxi have been found, and then feature physical parameters, which were conducive to appearance of severe weather, were calculated on the sounding data. The results showed that ： The severe weather of Guangxi has obvious characteristic of regional distribution, such as： more thunderstorm in south, and less in north, furthermore, the southeast and coastal areas are the frequent thunder areas; more hail in north, less in north ; the eastern and coastal areas are the frequent gale areas ; few tornado weather seldom in history, and mainly occurred near the Weizhou island and coastal areas; the heavy rain mainly appeared in southern and northern areas. The monthly variations of thunderstorms, hail and strong rain all have ＂single-peak＂ characteristic, but the variations of gale is ＂Double-peak＂. The heavy rain mainly happened between nighttime to 08：00, the gale, thunderstorms and hail weather primarily occurred from afternoon to evening. There are different temperature stratification and instability energy accumulation in different area or under the influence of weather system before the appearance of severe weather in Guangxi.