高校在国家知识创新体系中的作用评价——基于部分创新型国家和中国的比较研究

The Assessment of the Role of University Within National Knowledge-Based Innovation System Based on the Comparative Study of Selected Innovative Countries and China

选取美国、加拿大、英国、法国、德国、日本、韩国7个创新型国家高校和中国高校为研究对象,采用熵值法对高校知识创新投入水平和产出能力相关的9项指标进行赋权和评分,从而量化各国高校在知识创新体系中的地位差异。得出结论:(1)美国高校知识创新能力最强,在知识创新体系中地位最突出;(2)韩国和中国高校的知识创新投入和产出能力最弱,但知识创新投入产出效率高于加拿大和德国高校;(3)中国高校在知识创新体系中的重要性尚未完全体现,但与其他创新型国家高校在知识创新体系中地位的差距正在不断缩小;(4)高校研发投入、诺贝尔得奖数、研究生毕业数是影响高校知识创新能力及其在知识创新体系中地位的关键因素。

University is an important part and one of the behavior bodies of national knowledge-based innovation system. How to understand the role of university played in knowledge-based innovation system and make it be used to its fullest potential is of great significance to promote technological progress and transition, to construct the national knowledge-based innovation system with Chinese characteristic within which higher education and sci-entific research are deeply integrated. Universities of 7 innovative countries and China are investigated, 9 indexes which reflect the input and output of knowledge-based innovation of university were given weight and calculated by using entropy method, so that the difference of the roles universities from different countries played can be measured. Results from comparing universities of selected innovative countries and China shows： （1） The knowl-edge innovation capability of American university is strongest among the selected countries and the role of Ameri-can university is most prominent in its knowledge-based innovation system. （2） Chinese and Korean universities＇ in-put and output of knowledge innovation are weakest but the input-output efficiency of universities in these two countries are both higher than that of universities in Canada and German. （3） Although the importance of Chinese university in knowledge-based innovation system has not completely showed yet, the gap between the role of Chi-nese university and other selected innovative countries＇ universities played in knowledge-based innovation system are gradually narrowing. （4） University＇s R＆amp;D input, the number of Nobel Prize wined and the amount of post-graduates are crucial factors that exert great effect on the knowledge innovation capability of university and its po-sition in knowledge-based innovation system. Therefore, this essay suggests China uses the experiences of innova-tive countries as references, optimizes the function of university within knowledge-based innovation system and thus builds Chinese national knowledge-based innovation system within which higher education is organically com-bined with scientific research.