学校体育伤害事故流行现状调查

Research on the Epidemiological Characteristics of P. E. Injuries in Middle School of China

采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对我国东、中、西部地区1242名中学生和526名教师进行了调查,以便分析学校体育伤害事故的流行现状及特征,以为学校体育伤害事故的预防和控制、决策和立法提供一定的实证支持。结果显示,学校体育伤害事故的发生率较高(51.2%),并呈现出男生高于女生,中东部地区低年级学生的伤害率高于高年级学生;学校体育伤害事故的诱发原因主要是运动安全意识不足,自我保护技能不强等生源性原因,并呈现出性别和年级差异;学校体育伤害事故的类型主要为擦伤(33.9%)、扭伤(25.1%)拉伤(19.2%),伤害部位主要为膝关节(18.0%)、踝关节(16.0%)、手指(14.0%)、小腿(12.0%),二者亦具有性别和年级特征。研究结果表明,制定学校体育伤害事故的预防和控制策略应充分考虑到性别、年级和地区特征,以便做到区别对待、有的放矢。

By the methods of stratified cluster sampling,this study has surveyed the epidemiological characteristics of P. E. injuries in middle school of China. After statistical analysis,the survey results are as follows： The incidence of P. E. injuries in middle school is high,and characteristics of gender,grade,and geography can be found. The interaction effects of grade and geography are also significant. The reasons for P. E. injuries are different between girls and boys. Besides these there are also different reasons for P. E. injuries in different grads. The main risk factors and reason for P. E. injuries are lack of enough safety consciousness of students. Common sports injuries also show the characteristics of gender and grade. These sports injuries are abrasions,sprains,and strains. As for exercise related diseases there are no obvious differences between girls and boys. And the very common ones are abdominal pain,cramps and dizziness.