“干中学”、生产现场创新与技术进步——以装备制造业为例

Learning by Doing,Production Sites Innovation and Technological Progress:Based on Equipment Manufacturing Industry

自主研发和"干中学"是技术进步的两种根本来源途径。"技术后发优势"使发展中国家可以通过"干中学"加强对引进技术的学习模仿,促进技术进步。"干中学"使得生产现场成为提升技术能力的重要来源地,也为企业从工资竞争转向长久竞争提供了有效途径。笔者以装备制造业为例,分析了我国企业"干中学"的路径偏差;在此基础上指出:要想通过"干中学"促进技术进步,必须进行广泛而持续的渐进式创新;渐进式创新来源于生产现场,一套可行体制的建立:隐性知识内部化、熟练工人在部门之间迅速进行转换的能力、建议机制、小团队活动、质量圈等有助于保障生产现场技术能力的提升。

Research and development （R＆D） and learning by doing （LBD） is the fundamental sources of technological progress. ＂The advantages of backwardness＂ make developing countries strengthen learning and imitation for the technology of introduction by LBD, and then promote technological progress. LBD makes the production sites become an important source place of promoting the technical capacity. Meanwhile LBD provides effective changing ways for enterprises from wage competition to long-term competition. Based on the equipment manufacturing industry, this paper analyses Chinese enterprises＇ path deviation of LBD. This paper points out ： the incremental innovation is from the production site, and China must carry on widespread and sustained incremental innovation by LBD to promote technological progress. The viable systems should be established to help enhance the technical capacity, such as the internalization of tacit knowledge, the quick converting-ability between departments, the proposed mechanism, small group activities and the quality circles etc.