北京某学区小学教师心理健康状况调查

Mental Health Condition from Primary School Teachers in One District of Beijing

目的调查分析北京某区小学教师进行心理健康状况,为建立小学教师心理健康档案及教师心理援助方案设计提供基础。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对该区407位教职工进行心理健康状况测验,利用SPSS 15.0进行数据分析。结果SCL-90各因子得分轻、中度,检出率由高到低依次是强迫症状、躯体化、敌对、抑郁、人际敏感、焦虑、偏执、精神病性、恐怖。重度检出率从高到低是躯体化,然后是强迫症状、抑郁、敌对,再后是人际关系敏感和焦虑,而恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分没有超出4分。筛查阳性率（总分＞160）为26.68%。女教师在强迫（t-=2.84,P〈0.01）、抑郁（t=-3.09,P〈0.01）、焦虑（t=-2.17,P〈0.01）3个因子得分高于男教师,差异具有统计学意义。不同学历组各因子无统计学差异。已婚教师躯体化因子高于未婚教师（t=-2.78,P〈0.05）,差异有统计学意义。不同年龄段教师只在躯体化因子得分差异具有统计学意义（F=5.88,P〈0.01）,事后分析提示25岁及以下年龄组与36～45岁组和45岁及以上年龄组均有差异,26～35岁组与45岁及以上组有差异。但不同性别、婚姻状况、年龄段、学历其心理问题阳性筛查率比较均无统计学差异。然而,不同岗位教师SCL-90各因子得分及心理问题阳性筛查率均不同,差异具有统计学意义,班主任的因子得分和心理问题筛查率（34.42%）均比较高。结论小学教师尤其是班主任教师的心理健康状况需要关注,需尽快建立小学教师心理档案系统,设计实施针对小学教师的心理援助方案。

Objective To investigate the mental health condition of primary school teachers in one district of Beijing ,provide founda-tion for the establishment of primary school teacher＇s mental health records and psychological aid scheme .Methods Using SCL-90,the mental health condition data of 407 teachers were tested and then analyzed with SPSS 15.0.Results The detection rate was ranked as compulsion,somatization,hostility,depression,interpersonal relationship ,anxiety,bigoted,psychosis and horror from high to low in factor scores of SCL-90 ranged from mild to moderate.The detection rate was ranked as compulsion ,depression,hostility,interpersonal rela-tionship and anxiety from high to low in factor scores of SCL -90 ranged severe,while scores of horror,bigoted and psychosis were no more than 4.Positive rate was 26.68%.Female teacher＇s score was significantly higher than that of male teacher in compulsion （ t=-2.84,P〈0.01）,depression（t=-3.09,P〈0.01）and anxiety（t=-2.17,P〈0.01）.There was no statistical difference in the factors in education background .The somatization score of married teacher was significantly higher than that of unmarried teacher （ t=-2.78,P〈0.052）.There was significant difference only in somatization factor score in different ages （F=5.88,P〈0.01）,and the post hoc analy-sis suggested that there were differences between under 25 ages and 36~45 ages,under 25 ages and above 45 ages.But there were no statistical differences about positive rate of metal problem in sex ,married condition,age and education.Afterwards,there was significant difference of each SCL-90 factor scores.Mental problem positive rate in different teacher position ,and SCL-90 factor score and mental problem screen rate（34.42%）of head teacher were relatively high .Conclusion Primary school teachers especially head teachers＇men-tal health condition demands attention .It is necessary to establish mental records system of primary school teacher ,and design psychologi-cal aid scheme as soon as possible .