英汉译本中的主语对比分析

An Comparative Analysis of the Subjects in English and Chinese Translation

以英汉文本为素材,分析了英汉主语的差异主要体现在:汉语主语缺省的频率远远高于英语,其缺省主要表现在语境省略、流水型省略、模糊型省略和句法空位;英语比汉语更多地使用无灵主语;汉语无灵主语的使用受到其谓词的制约,汉语的无灵主语一般与无灵谓词搭配;无灵主语使用主要是实现修辞和客观的效果。因此,复杂多样化的汉语主语选择更为自由,话题较为突显;而英语中谓语动词的形式则取决于施事的主语。

Abstract： This paper makes a comparative analysis of differences of subjects in English and Chinese translation, which mainly manifest in the following 4 aspects： subject ellipses in Chinese are used more frequently than in English （including contextual ellipses, water-flowing ellipses, fuzzy ellipses and syn- tactic empty categories） ; inanimate subjects are used more frequently in English than in Chinese; inani- mate subjects in Chinese are restricted by the predicates and generally collocated with inanimate predi- cates; inanimate subjects are mainly implemented to be rhetoric and objective. For these reasons, com- plex and diverse subjects in Chinese, which is regarded as a topic-prominent language, are chosen much more freely; while the form of predicate verbs in English depends on the subject of the doer.