2008至2012年西安市儿童死亡病例分析

Analysis of death case in children in Xi'an during 2008-2012

目的分析西安市儿童医院死亡病例死因变化趋势和特点,以便采取更具针对性的预防措施降低儿童死亡率。方法对2008至2012年西安市儿童医院663例死亡病例资料按ICD-10进行分类,并作回顾性分析。结果儿童死亡病例的男女性别比为1.62;婴儿组死亡比例最高,占全部死亡病例的36.80%;死亡病例主要集中在医院病房,占71.04%;主要诊断依据是临床加实验室占46.00%;前5位死因分别是:呼吸系统疾病(23.07%),传染病(15.69%),围生期疾病(13.57%),先天性疾病(11.46%),神经系统疾病(6.94%)。不同年龄组患儿死因构成不同,新生儿组和婴儿组首位死因是肺炎;幼儿组首位死因是传染病;学龄前组首位死因也是传染病,学龄期组首位死因是恶性肿瘤。结论针对不同年龄组患儿死因特点,加强有针对性的防治措施研究十分必要。

Objective To analyze the trend and characteristics of death causes in children in Xi ’ an Children ’ s Hospital so as to give some specific advices on decreasing children death .Methods The data of all death cases in Xi ’an Children’s Hospital from 2008 to 2012 were classified by ICD-10 （ International Classification of Diseases ） and retrospectively analyzed .Results There were 663 death cases during these five years, with the male to female ratio of 1.62.The proportion of death cases aging from 28 days to 1 year was highest, accounting for 36.8%.The ward was the important site in death sites （71.04%）, and the major diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory results （46.00%）.The top 5 causes of death were diseases of respiratory system （23.07%）, infectious diseases （15.69%）, perinatal disease （13.57%）, congenital diseases （11.46%） and diseases of nervous system （6.94%）.Children of different ages died for different causes.In neonate group and infants aged 28 day to 1 year, pneumonia was the main cause of death .In infants aged 1 to 3 year and pre-school children infectious disease was the main cause of death .In school-age group, malignant tumour was the main cause of death.Conclusion It is very necessary to take targeted preventive measures according to characteristics of death causes of children at different age group .