朝阳区托幼机构儿童口腔卫生习惯及健康教育人员现状调查

Investigation of preschool children's oral hygiene habits and basic situation of health education staff in nurseries in Chaoyang District

目的了解北京市朝阳区托幼机构内儿童口腔卫生习惯及口腔保健健康教育人员的现状,为制定相关干预措施提供依据。方法分层整群抽取北京市朝阳区4所幼儿园小班和中班的1 050名儿童以及164名健康教育人员,采用自编问卷进行调查。结果能每天定时刷牙、至少刷2次的幼儿占40.3%,刷牙时间可达到3分钟的比例仅为19.1%。孩子喜欢吃甜食、喝甜饮料的比例为59.4%,而每次吃甜食或饮料后刷牙或漱口的比例仅为38.6%。知晓自己牙齿颗数的幼儿占总儿童数的22.2%;随着儿童年龄的增长,孩子会刷牙、每天定时刷牙的比例逐渐提升(x～2=40.192,P<0.05)。有夜磨牙习惯的儿童占10.6%;有用口呼吸习惯的幼儿占8.2%;有偏侧咀嚼习惯的幼儿占8.0%;有咬上下唇习惯的幼儿占7.1%;有夜磨牙习惯、咬上下唇习惯的儿童随着年龄的增长呈增多的趋势(x～2值分别为11.538和13.081,均P<0.05)。家长是否耐心教孩子正确的刷牙方法、家长是否掌握正确的刷牙方法、家长是否鼓励孩子刷牙均与孩子是否会刷牙呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.311、0.152和0.256,均P<0.05)。健康教育人员中兼职者占95.73%人,最主要是教师,其次为保育员,对儿童口腔健康知识掌握较少。结论朝阳区托幼机构内儿童口腔卫生习惯有待改善,应充分调动儿童、家长及口腔保健健康教育人员三方面的力量,改善朝阳区儿童口腔卫生状况。

Objective To understand the current situation of oral hygiene habits of children and basic situation of health education staff in nurseries in Chaoyang District , so as to provide basis for drafting relevant interventions .Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 050 children and 164 health education staff in 4 kindergartens in Chaoyang District for investigation with self-designed questionnaires.Results Children brushing teeth in fixed time and for at least twice a day accounted for 40.3%.Children with brushing time up to three minutes or more only occupied 19.1%.There were 59.4%children who like sweets or sweet drinks , but there were only 38.6%children brushing or gargling after eating sweets .Only 22.2%of children knew the number of their own tooth .With the increasing of age, the proportion of children brushing and brushing at fixed time went up （χ^2 =40.192,P〈0.05）.There were 10.6%children with bruxism habits, 8.2% with breathing with mouth, 8.0% with unilateral chewing, and 7.1% with biting lips.There was a trend of increasing number of children with bruxism habits and biting lips with the increasing of age （χ^2 value was 11.538 and 13.081, respectively, both P〈0.05）.Whether children can brush teeth correctly was positively correlated with whether parents taught children correct brushing with patience , whether parents brush teeth correctly and whether parents encourage children to brush teeth （ r value was 0.311, 0.152 and 0.256, respectively, all P〈0.05）.Of the health education staff, 95.73%were part-time staff, and most of them were teachers, followed by child care workers .They had not enough knowledge on children ’ s oral health.Conclusion Oral hygiene habits of preschool children in Chaoyang District need to be improved .Children, parents and health education staff should play their own role to improve oral health level of children in Chaoyang District .