说西周金文中的“南公”——兼论随州叶家山西周曾国墓地的族属

A Study on the Southern Duke in Bronze Inscriptions of Western Zhou:with a Discussion on the Clan of the Zeng State Cemetery in the Yejiashan Site,Suizhou

"南公"见于大盂鼎、南公有司鼎和南宫乎钟等铜器铭文,学界一般认为"南公"之"南"应是"南宫"的省称。根据《左传》及《白虎通》引《诗传》而知,南公有可能就是周武王十兄弟中最小的聃季载,"聃"与"南"为通假字。称南公应是原居于周宫中的南宫,又封于南土的采邑而得名。叶家山M111中再次出土了一件"犺乍剌(烈)考南公宝尊彝"的铜簋。"南公"铭文在南土的再次发现,对探讨其族属提供了非常重要的文字依据。从铭文可知,"南公"为曾侯犺的父辈。结合大盂鼎铭文并综合年代分析,曾侯犺与盂可能为叔侄关系。如此则叶家山所发现的西周早期曾国应为姬姓。

The bronze inscription Nan 南 of Nan Gong （the Southern Duke）南公, recorded in the Da Yu＇s Ding-tripod大孟鼎, the Nan Gong You Si＇s Ding-tripod 南公有司鼎, and the Nan Gong Hu＇s Bell 南宫乎钟, actually refers to Nan Gong 南宫（the Southern Palace）. The Southern Duke＇s name may have been Dan Ji Zai 聃季载, the youngest brother of King Wu of Zhou, since Dan 聃 and Nan 南 are two interchangeable characters. The title Southern Duke may originate from the Southern Palace where the duke lived, and the Southern Territory where the duke＇s fief was located. The inscription 犺乍刺（烈）考南公宝尊彝 recorded on a bronze Gui-vessel, excavated from Tomb M111 of the Yejiashan Cem etery, offers significant opportunity for analyzing the tomb＇s owner＇s clan. From studying the inscriptions, tomb size, and burial goods, the tomb belonged to Marquis Kang of Zeng, son of the Southern Duke. By combining the inscriptions of the Da Yu＇s Ding-tripod 大孟鼎 and this study further concluded that Marquis Kang was one of the uncles of Yu, the owner of the Da Yu＇s Ding-tripod, thus they belong to the same clan with the surname Ji 姬.