澳大利亚矿产勘查计划及其启示

Australian Mineral Exploration Plan and Its Enlightenment

进入新千年以来,全球矿产勘查进入新一轮周期。澳大利亚矿产勘查虽然投入不断增加,但是投入矿产勘查的资金由20世纪90年代中期占全球总量的20%下降到2011年的13%,矿产发现率明显下降。为促进矿产勘查工作,澳联邦和地方政府自2010年以来,先后实施了一批矿产勘查计划,其主要工作内容包括3个方面:①加强公益性地质调查工作,增强"绿地地区"竞争前数据的获取,以降低找矿风险;②对小型勘查公司钻探工作给予财政补贴,增强勘查公司抭风险能力;③科研机构、地调机构、大学和矿业公司联合攻关,开发新技术,创建新理论,推动成果的应用与转化。这些思路和做法值得我国借鉴,建议明确政府与市场分工,充分发挥公益性地质工作的引导作用;进一步明确地质勘查基金的定位,对勘查风险较高的地区,实行钻探补贴;建立地质勘查技术战略联盟机制,实现政府与企业共同投资,科研院所(校)进行技术研发,形成有利于地质勘查技术创新与转化的机制。

Since the beginning of the new millennium ,a new round of mineral exploration has started globally .Australia＇s mineral exploration expenditure has increased continuously ,but its share in the total mineral expenditure of the world has decreased from 20% in mid 1990s to 13% in 2011 .For the purpose of promoting the mineral exploration ,Australian Federal and State/Territory governments have implemented a number of mineral exploration plans since 2010 .These plans comprise the following three aspects of main contents ：First ,to enhance the publicbenefit geological surveys and the production of precompetitive geosciences information which demonstrates the mineral potential of the “green field” areas ,so as to decrease the risks of the mineral prospecting .Secondly ,to provide fiscal subsidies to support small exploration companies＆#39;drilling work so as to enhance their anti-risk capacities .Thirdly ,to develop new technologies and theories ,and promote the application and transformation of the scientific research achievements through joint efforts of scientific research institute ,Geological Survey , university and mining company .It is worthwhile for China to learn Australian experiences ,and in this regard we would like to make the following suggestions ：clearly define the function of the government and the market ,and take advantage of the guiding function of public-benefit geological survey work ;further clear up the role of the geological exploration foundation ,and subsidize the drilling work conducted in the high risk exploration areas ;establish the strategic union mechanism of geological exploration technology ,realize the joint investment made by the government and enterprises ,and the technical R＆D conducted by the scientific research institute （university ） ,and form the mechanism in favor of the technical innovation in the field of geological exploration and the transformation of its results .