从玉器传播论华夏早期国家的建立

On Establishment of Early States in Xia Dynasty from Spread of Jadewares

湮没在传说中的夏代,在古代文献记载中以华夏第一王朝的而广为人知,却在当代国际学界遭遇不能实证和不被承认的尴尬。缺乏文字材料的证实,对夏代纪年内中原政权所体现出的面貌,目前仅能通过考古学材料加以探索,即"四重证据法"中的第四重:文物与图像。而在利用物质材料进行实证研究的过程中,玉器作为前文字时代的重要礼器,其易于保存的特质和一贯至今的文化内涵成为理解夏史的重要载体。文章通过玉器的传播、玉礼器的文化内涵和早期国家的用玉特点,探讨从前二里头时代至二里头晚期的华夏早期国家形成条件。

Xia Dynasty,though lost in the legend,is the first best--known dynasty m ancient documents,but it suffered the embarrassment of not being confirmed and recognized in contem- porary international academia. Due to the lack of confirmed written material,the profile of the Central Plains during Xia annals can be explored only through archaeological materials：artifacts and images,namely the fourth one of＂Quadruple Evidence Method＂. In addition,in the process of using physical materials to conduct empirical researches,jadeware, thanks to its natures of easily being preserved and consistent cultural connotations,becomes an important carrier to un- derstand the history of Xia Dynasty. Through the spread of jadewares,cultural connotations of ritual jade wares,and characteristics of using jadewares in early state,this paper tries to explore the formation conditions for early states in Xia Dynasty from the early Erlitou era to the late Erlitou era.