环境一号C卫星合成孔径雷达相干性分析

Coherent Performance Analysis of the HJ-1-C Synthetic Aperture Radar

合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)是一种相干成像雷达,相干性是保证SAR成像的关键。对相干系统而言,诸多因素会破坏其相干性。该文以环境一号C卫星SAR分系统方案和指标为基础,主要分析了频率源稳定度和脉间定时抖动对系统相干性的影响。环境一号C卫星SAR采用短期稳定度为101.0 10/5 ms-×的晶振,经过直接倍频与分频提供系统所需的基准频率信号,由短期稳定度引入的方位向随机相位误差对积分旁瓣的影响可忽略。环境一号C卫星SAR定时脉冲前沿抖动优于2 ns(rms),合成孔径时间内的随机相位误差对方位脉冲压缩旁瓣略有影响。该文通过公式推导和仿真分析证明了HJ-1-C卫星SAR系统相干性设计满足合成孔径雷达成像要求。

Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） is a coherent imaging radar. Hence, coherence is critical in SAR imaging. In a coherent system, several sources can degrade performance. Based on the HJ-1-C SAR system implementation and sensor characteristics, this study evaluates the effect of frequency stability and pulse-to-pulse timing jitter on the SAR coherent performance. A stable crystal oscillator with short-term stability of 1.0 × 10^-10 / 5 ms is used to generate the reference frequency by using a direct multiplier and divider. Azimuth ISLR degradation owing to the crystal oscillator phase noise is negligible. The standard deviation of the pulse-to-pulse timing jitter of HJ-1-C SAR is lower than 2ns （rms） and the azimuth random phase error in the synthetic aperture time slightly degrades the side lobe of the azimuth impulse response. The mathematical expressions and simulation results are presented and suggest that the coherent performance of the HJ-1-C SAR system meets the requirements of synthetic aperture radar imaging.