罗氏沼虾养殖塘底质硫化物含量及其与其他因子关系的研究

Sulfide content in sediment of Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture ponds and relationship between sulfide content and other parameters

检测与研究了罗氏沼虾3口养殖试验塘及其河道水源底质硫化物、总硫（TS）、总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）含量和变化规律以及硫化物与TOC等指标之间的关系.结果显示,养殖期间,虾塘底质硫化物与TS含量均随养殖时间的延长呈波浪式增加,硫化物属于低含量水平,变化范围为0.302～9.337 mg/kg,低于我国海洋沉积物质量第一类标准（300mg/kg）;河道底质硫化物含量也基本低于此标准.虾塘底质TS含量范围为129.00～403.67 mg/kg,其中0.2％～3.3％为硫化物;河道TS含量范围为475.00～2 755.00mg/kg,硫化物占其0.7％～17.1％.TOC在养殖前中期变化同硫化物与TS含量,后期呈递减趋势;TN以较平稳的波浪式演变;TP随养殖时间降低,呈缺乏现象.回归分析表明,底质硫化物与TS呈显著线性正相关,相关系数（r）为0.695～0.920;与TOC呈显著线性正相关（除T3塘外）,相关系数（r）为0.660～0.926;与TN、TP的相关性不显著.沉降有机物是虾塘底质产生硫化物、TOC与TN的重要因素,残饵是沉降有机物的主要来源,维持丰富溶氧量、减少残饵量与彻底清淤是控制虾塘底质硫化物的关键措施.

This article mainly investigated the contents of sulfide, TS, TOC, TN, TP in sediment of Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture ponds from June to October in 2012, further analyzed the relationship between sulfide content and other parameters, including total sulfur （TS）, total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP）. The results showed that during the culture period, the contents of sulfide and TS wavy increased. The sulfide content in experiment ponds was 0.302-9.337 mg/kg, belonging to low level. The phenomenon was not out of gauge compared with first class standard of marine sediment quality. The river sediment sulfide was substantially below this standard. TS content in experiment ponds was 129.00-403.67 mg/kg, of which 0.2%-3.3% was sulfide. TS content in the river sediment was 475.00-2755.00 mg/kg, sulfide accounted for 0.7%-17.1%. TOC changed as the sulfide in the former breeding, and then showed a trend of decline. TN changed as a more stable wave. The trend of TP reduced, showing a lack of phosphorus. Correlation analysis showed that TS content had a positive linear correlation with sulfide content, correlation coefficient （r） was 0.695-0.920. Sulfide content and TOC content was significant positive correlation （except T3 pond）, correlation coefficient （r） was 0.660-0.926. The relationship between TN content and sulfide content was not regular, the same as TP. Settlement of the organic matter was an important cause of sulfide, TOC, TN. Residue was the main component of the organic matter. So, the key to control sediment sulfide is to maintain rich oxygen, reduce residual amount of bait and complete dredging.