开封市饮用水源地重金属健康风险评价

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals at Drinking Water Sources in Kaifeng

对开封市饮用水源地黑池和柳池中重金属所引起的健康风险作了初步评价。结果表明：（1）致癌性污染物Cr6＋和Cd所产生的健康风险的等级为10-6～10-5 a-1，小于美国环保局（USEPA）推荐的最大可接受限值（1．0×10-4 a-1），但接近于国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受风险水平（5．0×10-5 a-1）。与瑞典环境保护署、荷兰建设和环境署推荐的最大可接受风险水平（1．0×10-6 a-1）进行比较，黑池和柳池中各采样点化学致癌物的健康风险值均超标。其中，黑池最大超标89．7倍，柳池最大超标95．2倍。（2）非致癌性重金属Pb、Cu和Zn所产生的健康风险的等级为10-13～10-8 a-1，均小于以上3种健康风险限值。因此，致癌性重金属Cr6＋和Cd 应当作为优先控制污染物进行重点监控和预防。

The health risks of heavy metals at drinking water sources （ Hei Lake and Liu Lake ） in Kaifeng city were assessed initially.The results indicated that the grade of the health risk caused by carcinogens Cr 6＋and Cd was 10-6 a-1 ~10 -5 a-1 , which was lower than the maximum allowance level （1.0 ×10 -4 a-1 ） recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency （USEPA）, but was close to the maximum acceptable risk level （5.0 ×10 -5a-1） recommended by International Commission on Ra-diological Protection （ICRP）.However, in comparison with the maximum acceptable risk level （1.0 ×10-6a-1） recommended by Swedish Environmental Protection Agency , and Netherlands Construction and Environmental Agency , the health risk values caused by the chemical carcinogens in various sampling spots of Hei Lake and Liu Lake all exceeded this standard , and the maximum health risk value for Hei Lake and Liu Lake exceeded the standard by 89.7 times and 95.2 times, respectively.The grade of the health risk caused by non-carcinogens Pb , Cu and Zn ranged from 10 -13 a-1 to 10 -8 a-1 , which was much lower than the above three risk limits.Therefore, Cr6＋and Cd should be emphatically monitored as priority pollutants .