一种适用于康复研究的局灶性颅脑外伤大鼠模型

A focal brain trauma model for rehabilitation study

目的:仿制一种适合康复机制研究的局灶性颅脑外伤(TBI)动物模型,为国内广泛开展颅脑损伤康复机制研究提供基础。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠16只,随机分为颅脑外伤组和假手术组各8只。颅脑外伤组制作成控制性皮层损伤(CCI)模型,术后采用神经功能缺失评分、foot-fault test和cylinder test评估动物感觉和运动能力;外伤后第21～25天行Morris水迷宫检查,评估大鼠认知功能的变化;在外伤后28d通过焦油紫(CV)染色检测脑组织病理改变和组织缺失情况。结果:颅脑外伤组大鼠较假手术组神经功能评分有明显降低(P<0.05),运动协调能力和对称使用前肢的能力明显下降(P<0.05),空间学习和记忆能力明显损坏(P<0.05);脑组织明显缺损(P<0.05),缺损组织周边出现神经元变性、坏死,神经元丢失伴胶质细胞增生。结论:控制性皮层损伤的TBI模型大鼠表现明显的感觉、运动、认知功能障碍和相应的病理改变,可以作为一项良好的TBI模型用于康复训练研究。

Objective ：To establish an animal experimental focal traumatic brain injury （TBI） model for investigating the underlying mechanisms of rehabilitation .Methods ：After adult SD rats had received a severe controlled cortical impact （CCI） injury ,they were randomly assigned to TBI group （n=8） or sham operation group （n=8） .After TBI ,the neurological deficits scoring ,foot-fault test and cylinder test were performed .On 21-25 days post-injury ,rats were tested for spatial learning and memory in a Morris Water Maze .On 28 days post-injury ,animals were sacrificed and evaluated for quantitative cortical lesion volume and pathological changes .Results ：The rats in TBI group demonstrated declined neurological deficits scores ,coordination and asymmetry compared to sham operation group （P〈0 .05） .The rats in TBI group showed obvious deficits in spatial learning and memory （P〈0 .05） .We also observed significant change in lesion volume ,neuron loss and overexpression of microglia around the lesion in TBI group （P〈0 .05） .Conclusion ：Rats undergoing a severe CCI injury showed significant sensorimotor ,cognitive performance im-pairment and pathological changes .It is suggest that the model should be useful for assessing the effects of rehabilitation in TBI .