利用十字花科种间杂交创造甘蓝型油菜种质资源的研究

Novel Germplasm Creation in Brassica napus by Cruciferous Interspecific Hybridization

为了拓宽甘蓝型油菜种质资源的遗传基础,以甘蓝型油菜、白菜型油菜和芥菜型油菜为材料研究了十字花科种间杂交的可行性。结果表明,不同物种间油菜杂交结角率和亲和指数存在差异。在芥菜型油菜与甘蓝型油菜、白菜型油菜种间杂交中,芥菜型油菜作母本的杂交结角率(分别为95.0%、92.5%)和亲和指数(分别为6.51、12.40)高于其反交(17.5%、20.0%,0.56、1.12)。在甘蓝型油菜与白菜型油菜的种间杂交中,以甘蓝型油菜为母本的杂交结角率和亲和指数(分别为97.5%和14.66)高于以白菜型油菜作母本(分别为30.0%和2.41)。将芥菜型油菜的琴形叶性状转移到甘蓝型油菜中,发现该性状由1对隐性基因控制。育成了油酸含量高于80%的特高油酸含量新品系和亚麻酸含量低于3%(2.14%)的甘蓝型油菜品系,这些优异脂肪酸种质资源材料均是低芥酸、低硫甙品系,可以直接应用于生产。

In order to broaden the genetic basis of germplasm in Brassica napus,the feasibility of creating novel germplasm by cruciferous interspeeific hybridization was investigated in this article. Results implied that podding ratio and crossing compatibility index differed among different cruciferous species. In both interspecific hybridizations of Brassica napus and Brassica j uncea ,Brassica rapa and Brassica j uncea, the podding ratios（95.0% and 92.5%） and crossing compatibility indexes（6.51 and 12.40） were much higher when Brassica juncea was used as maternal parent than those in reciprocal crosses, which were 17.5% and 20. 0%, 0.56 and 1.12. In the interspecific hybridization of Brassica napus and Brassica rapa ,the podding ratio（97. 5%） and crossing compatibility index（14.66） when Brassica napus was used as maternal parent were much higher than those of its reciprocal cross, which were 30.0% and 2. 41,respectively. By interspecific hybridization between Brassica juncea and Brassica napus, the character ot fiddle-shaped leaf in Brassica juncea was transferred to Brassica napus, which was controlled by one pair of recessive gene. In this study, Brassica napus lines with high olein acid content （83.44%） and low linolenic acid content （2. 14%） were obtained. These novel germplasms also had low erucic acid and glucosinolate content, and could be directly used in production.