施肥方式对土壤养分含量的影响

Dynamic Change of Main Farmland Alluvial Soil Nutrients in Henan Province

为了解河南省潮土区土壤养分含量的动态变化,长期(1998-2011年)监测了施肥与不施肥2种方式下的土壤养分含量动态变化,结果表明:习惯施肥处理土壤养分含量明显高于不施肥处理。习惯施肥处理的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量均呈缓慢上升趋势,2011年较1998年(基础年)分别增加了2.12g/kg、0.048 7g/kg、3.79mg/kg;习惯施肥处理的土壤有效磷呈缓慢下降趋势,2011年较1998年降低5.12mg/kg;习惯施肥处理和不施肥处理的土壤速效钾含量均呈缓慢下降趋势;不施肥处理的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量均呈缓慢下降趋势,分别较试验前下降了0.63g/kg、0.123 3g/kg、32.68mg/kg、12.32mg/kg。由此可见,河南省潮土区土壤缺磷素和钾素较为突出。

In order to find out the dynamic change rule of soil fertility in Chao soil region of Henan province, the long-term experiment of soil fertility was conducted in the alluvial soil of Henan province. The results showed that the soil nutrient content of conventional fertilization treatments was significantly higher than that of non-fertilization ones. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen in long-term fertilization showed a slowly rising trend, which increased by 2. 12 g/kg, 0. 048 7 g/kg and 3. 79 mg/kg respectively in 2011 compared with those in 1998. The content of soil available phosphorus in long-term fertilization showed a slowly downward trend,which was 5. 12 mg/kg lower in 2011 than in 1998. The content of soil available potassium in long-term fertilization and non- fertilization treatments all showed a slowly downward trend. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in non-fertilization treatments all showed the slowly downward trends, which decreased by 0. 63 g/kg, 0. 123 3 g/kg, 32. 68 mg/kg and 12.32 mg/kg, respectively. This suggested that the deficiency of phosphorus and potassium in the main farmland alluvial soil region of Henan province was more prominent.