1950-2012年南充市高坪区麻疹疫情流行特征

Epidemic Features of Measles in Gaoping District of Nanchong,1950-2012

目的分析了解南充市高坪区1950～2012年麻疹的流行病学特征，为制定今后控制策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法，结合疫苗接种情况，对南充市高坪区1950—2012年麻疹疫情进行统计分析。结果1950—2012年南充市高坪区共报告麻疹病例115523例，年均发病率为194．78／10万，其中，1950—1969年无麻疹疫苗接种阶段，疫情呈自然流行状态，年平均发病率522．72／10万；1970—1985年，麻疹疫苗不规范接种阶段，年平均发病率68．57／10万；1986—2006年，实施儿童计划免疫，按免疫程序规范接种，年均发病率17．34／10万；2007—2012年在做好常规免疫的同时，开展补充免疫，年均发病率9．96／10万。年龄分布主要集中在5～10岁儿童，占病例总数的63．48％；季节分布高峰集中在4～6月份，占病例总数的37．57％。结论南充市高坪区按照免疫程序规范接种麻疹疫苗，尤其是同时开展补充免疫后，麻疹流行迅速控制，加强常规免疫工作，适时开展补充免疫活动，是控制和消灭麻疹的重要策略。

Objective To analyze the epidemic features of measles in Gaoping district of Nanchong city during 1950 -2012 in an effort to provide references for formulating control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was applied to analyze the epidemic characteristics of measles in combination with vaccination in Gaoping. Results During the period, 115 523 cases were reported in Gaoping, with an annual morbidity rate of 194.78/105. The morbidity rate for 1950 - 1969 was 522. 72/105 under natural epidemic and without mea- sles vaccination. From 1970 to 1985, the annual morbidity rate of measles was 68.57/105as a result of the ir- regular vaccination. From 1986 to 2006, the universal vaccination for children was carried out regularly under vaccination standard, and the annual morbidity rate reduced to 17.34/105. From 2007 to 2012, aside of the regular vaccination, supplementary immunization vaccination was implemented and the annual morbidity rate reduced further to 9. 96/105. The high incidence age was between 5 to 10 years, accounting for 63.48% of the total cases. The high incidence season was in April to June, accounting for 37.57% of the total. Conclusion The epidemic of measles is efficiently controlled after the implementation of routine immunization, especially in combination of supplementary immunization.