成都市某企业风疹疫情流行病学分析

An Outbreak of Rubella in an Enterprise in Chengdu

目的分析某企业2011～02／11风疹暴发疫情特征和原因，为预防控制风疹提供有效依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对风疹发病情况进行分析，实验室采用酶联免疫捕捉试验（ELISA）检测风疹IgM抗体。结果本次疫情累计报告病例1556例，企业内罹患率2750．62／10万（1556／56569），历时281d。病例均不能明确回答免疫史情况，疫情初期实验室检测风疹IgM抗体阳性率83．33％，发病高峰在4～7月，占总病例的86．11％，DYYQ公寓病例占61．94％，乐山、成都、宜宾和眉山来源地病例占40．52％，男女之比为1．66：1，71．72％的病例为3个风疹潜伏期内新入企业的员工，是成都市一起罕见的成人风疹暴发疫情。结论易感人群在短时间内聚集是造成风疹暴发的主要原因，未有效隔离和应急接种造成疫情蔓延。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and causes of a rubella outbreak in an enterprise from February to November in 2011 so as to provide evidence for prevention and control of rubella. Methods Epidemiological method was adopted to analyzed the morbidity and Enzyme -linked immunosorbent assays （ELISA） was adopted to detect the Immunoglobulin M （IgM）. Results There were totally 1 556 cases reported, with an at- tack rate of 2 750. 62/105, lasting for 281 days. All of the cases failed to tell their own immunization history. At the initial stage, the diagnosis rate in laboratory was 83.33%, most of the cases occurred in April to July, which held 86. 11% of the total. Cases of DYYQ apartment accounted for 61.94% and cases from Leshan, Chengdu, Yibin and Meishan altogether accounted for 40. 52%. The male to female ratio was 1.66：1 and 71.72% of the patients were new entrants to the company in the three incubation periods of rubella. Conclusion The main reason of this outbreak is that the susceptible populations gathered in a short time, and without effective isolation and emergency vaccination.