长期低剂量暴露敌敌畏对大鼠肾脏组织抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of Long-term Low-dose Exposure to Dichlorvos on Oxidative Stress in the Kidney of Rats

目的研究敌敌畏对大鼠的肾脏毒性的影响,探讨其氧化应激机制。方法将40只Wistar大鼠分成对照组和3个染毒组,分别以0、2.4、7.2和21.6 mg/kg.bw通过饮水给予大鼠,连续给药24周,测定血清胆碱酯酶活性、肌酐和尿素氮含量以及肾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并观察肾脏组织病理学变化。结果敌敌畏染毒后中、高剂量组大鼠血清中胆碱酯酶活性均显著降低,肌酐和尿素氮均显著增加,差异有统计学意义。肾脏组织中、高剂量组SOD、GPx、CAT活性及MDA含量均显著增加,差异有统计学意义;组织病理学显示中、高剂量组肾脏出现肾小管上皮细胞颗粒,空泡变性。结论长期低剂量暴露敌敌畏不仅能诱导机体氧化应激水平升高,而且可以通过诱导脂质过氧化引起肾脏组织的损伤。

Objective To study the toxicity of dichlorvos on rats and explore its oxidative stress mechanism. Methods Three different doses （2.4, 7.2, and 21.6 mg/kg, bw） of dichlorvos were administered to rats through drinking water over 24 weeks. Contents of creatinine and urea nitrogen in serum, cholinesterase （ChE） in serum, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, catalase （CAT） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in kidneys of rats were measured, histopathological changes in kidney were observed as well. Results Statistical significant changes in blood cholinesterase, creatinine, urea nitrogen were observed in the middle and high dose groups. Under the influence of dichlorvos, there were statistical significant increase in the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx and MDA content in kidneys of rats. Histological ex- amination showed renal tubule epithelial cells grain, vacuolar degeneration. Conclusion Long- term and low- level exposure to dichlorvos can increase lipid peroxidation and lead to the damage of kidney structure and oxidative stress plays an important role in kidney toxicity induced by dichlorvos.