大轴重铁路货车用车轴技术研究与应用

Research and Application of Axle Technology for Railway Freight Cars with Heavy Axle Load

对国内外铁路货车车轴的发展历程进行了充分分析,提出开展车轴合金化研究可较大幅度地提高材料的强韧性,同时应注意在追求性能最优化的前提下降低合金成本,并将低合金车轴钢下的微合金化作为研究的主攻方向。借鉴国外相关资料,根据材料性能,初步确定了将45钢加钒和铬等合金元素作为车轴钢基本材料的研究思路。基于新材质LZ45CrV车轴的相关试验结果、配套完成的车轴钢坯与车轴的工业试制所取得的优良试验结果以及较为完善的试制技术条件,新材质LZ45CrV车轴基本具备了装车的条件,这对于确定新材质铁路货车车轴的适用性具有重要的意义。此外,除应进一步深入研究全尺寸车轴疲劳性能外,还应结合车轴材质研究情况,跟踪观测结果,进一步完善我国新材质铁路货车车轴标准与运用维护规范,形成车轴标准的谱系化。

The development history of railway freight car axles in China and abroad is fully analyzed.It is put forward that the research on the alloying of axles can greatly improve the strength and stiffness of the material,in the mean time,attention should be paid to reduce the alloy cost with the prerequisite of seeking optimum performance,and the microalloy under the low alloy axle steel should be regarded as the main orientation in research.With reference of relevant data abroad,in light of performance of materials,it is initially determined in the thought of research to use 45 steel added with such alloy elements as vanadium and chromium as the basic material.On the basis of relevant test result of the axle of new material LZ45 CrV,the good test result of the axle steel billet and the industrial prototype axles as well as the fairly complete prototype specifications,the axle of new material LZ45 CrV has satisfied the conditions of mounting on cars,having important significance in determination of the adaptability of the railway freight car axles of new material.Furthermore,besides the further research on the full-scale axle fatigue performance,in connection with the axle material research,we shall track on the observation result,perfect the standards for railway freight car axles of new material and the operation maintenance regulations in China,and form the pedigree of standards for axles.