美国教育公正之路探析——以20世纪下半叶美国著名教育行政诉讼案为例

An Analysis of the Way of Equity in Education in America:Administrative Proceedings on Education in the Latter Half of the 20th Century in America

二战以后美国关于教育机会均等的行政诉讼案大致可分为两类:一类是直接以州政府种族隔离、种族歧视教育政策违宪为由的行政诉讼;另一类是以学区间教育财政格差造成学生受教育机会不均等为由提出的诉讼。从这些诉讼特点的变化可略见美国社会关于教育机会均等的理念的演变及教育公正发展的历程。

The administrative cases on education about equal opportunity for all in America after the World WarII can be nearly divided into two types ： one is directly sued for racial segregation of the state government and education policy of racial discrimination which is against constitution ; the other is for unfair access to education causedby educational finance disparity between school districts. From the change of the characteristics of these lawsuits,changes of ideas about equal education opportunity and the course to education equity in America can be seen to acertain degree.