离退休老年人心理健康状况及其与社会支持和心理韧性的关系

The Mental Health Status of Retired Old People and Its Relationship with Social Support and Psychological Resilience

目的了解离退休老年人心理健康状况,分析其与社会支持、心理韧性之间的关系。方法 2013年5—6月采用横断面问卷调查方法,对北京市某企业离退休老年人224人进行问卷调查,调查内容包括抑郁、焦虑、孤独、领悟社会支持和心理韧性。结果企业离退休老年人抑郁发生率为38.4%(86/224),焦虑发生率为22.3%(50/224),孤独发生率为40.6%(91/224),抑郁合并焦虑发生率为12.1%(27/224),抑郁合并孤独发生率为17.4%(39/224),焦虑合并孤独发生率为10.3%(23/224),焦虑合并抑郁合并孤独占6.3%(14/224)。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,社会支持与心理韧性是抑郁、焦虑和孤独的主要影响因素,就医便利程度也是企业离退休老年人心理健康状况的主要影响因素。一般资料中收入是抑郁的主要影响因素,婚姻状态是焦虑的主要影响因素,居住方式是孤独的主要影响因素。结论离退休老年人存在一定程度的心理健康问题,且低社会支持和心理韧性是主要的危险因素。

Objective To explore the psychological condition of retired elders and analyze its relationship with social support and psychological resilience. Methods A transverse section survey was made from May to June, 2013 within 224 retired old people from some company in Beijing about depression, anxiety, loneliness, perceived social support and psychological resil- ience. Results The prevalence rate of depression was 38.4% （ 86/224 ） , anxiety was 22. 3% （ 50/224 ） , loneliness was 40. 6% （91/224） , depression and anxiety was 12. 1% （27/224） , depression and loneliness was 17.4% （39/224） , anxiety and loneliness was 10. 3% （23/224） , anxiety and depression with loneliness was 6. 3% （14/224） . The multiple stepwise re- gression results showed that social support and resilience were major influencing factors for depression, anxiety and loneliness of the retired old people, hospitalize convenience degree was the influencing factors for the mental health status, financial income was the influencing factor for depression, marital status was the influencing factor for anxiety and residential type was the influen- cing factor for loneliness. Conclusion Retired old people have some degree of mental health problems. Lower social support and psychological resilience are significant risk factors.