晚清科幻乌托邦小说的新中国想象——以《新石头记》为中心

On NewChina in Imagination in Utopian Science Fictions in Late Qing Dynasty A Case Study of New Tales of a Stone

在晚清科幻乌托邦小说对"新中国"的想象中,吴趼人创作的《新石头记》成就最为突出。小说的前半部分主要借上海、北京两座城市展现了愚昧、落后的晚清社会;后半部分则借"文明境界"的描绘,清晰地勾勒出作者的科技"中国梦"。吴趼人描绘的"文明境界"是一个超级科技帝国和军事大国,其所秉持的社会理想是世界和平进步、民族友好平等。为实现科学昌明的"中国梦",小说指出,需要实行君主立宪的政治体制,培育自立自强的国民精神及培养大批极富创新、实践精神的科学家。

Among all scientific fictions in late Qing Dynasty which imagined new China, New Tales of a Stone by WU Jian-ren was the most outstanding for its achievements. The first half of the novel takes Beijing and Shanghai as examples and described the ignorant and backward society of the late Qing society. The second half, however, outlines clearly the Chinese dream through the description of civilization. The civilized state described by WU is an empire with highly developed science and technology, and a military power. His social ideal is the world＇s peace and progress, and friendly and equal nationalities. In order to bring the science oriented Chinese dream into reality, the novel points out, we have to take constitutional monarchy, cultivate the national spirit of self independence and train a large amount of scientist with great creativity and practical spirit.