帛书《黄帝四经》思想流变

On the Evolution of Thoughts Reflected in Emperor Huang's Four Classic Works on Silk

道家之学在百家之学中占有重要地位,而黄老学在扬弃、发挥道家思想中很得力,汉初的文景之治即为明证。因此,以帛书《黄帝四经》为代表的黄老学对后世思想家的影响也是不容忽视的。只是随着历史的变迁,其学术逐渐分化。总体看,它大致沿着三条路径分化:一是其政治理念,成就了汉初的文景之治。二是将政治情怀消解在求长生的追求中,向着民间宗教发展,后演变为"黄老道(道教前身)"。三是继续沿着学术方向演进,其思想的精华被后世思想家所吸收。

The study of Taoism has occupied an important position in various Chinese learning. However, the learning about Emperor Huang and LAO Zi did very well in in the inheritance of Taoism. The rule under Emperors Wen and Jing at the beginning of Han Dynasty is the good example of such learning. Accordingly, we cannot neglect the influence of Emperor H uang＇s Four Classic Works on silk which represents such learning on the other thinkers. With the history evolution, its academic part has gradually diversified. In general, we can find three tendencies of such diversification. The first one is its political concepts which lead to the prosperous period of Emperors Wen and Jing. The second one is the substitution of its political feelings by the pursuit of immortality which developed along the direction of folk religion and eventually evolved to the learning about Emperor Huang and LAO Zi （the predecessor of Taoism）. The third one has been oriented academically and its essence has been absorbed by thinkers of later generations.