存在心理治疗方法的理论省思

A Theoretical Reflection on the Methodology of Existential Psychotherapy

存在心理治疗是20世纪中叶从人本主义心理学中分离出来的学术思潮。其理论根源植根于在欧洲存在哲学。存在心理治疗有三种功能:帮助治疗师对其治疗中的联系和参与过程进行自我监督;促进存在心理治疗师对具体患者的治疗过程进行个性的反思,以制定针对性的治疗方案;有助于治疗师沟通,理解他对治疗过程的认识,为将来提供洞见、觉知、知识和实践智慧。存在心理治疗的参与方法包括:案例故事形容法、案例记录研究法、单一个案研究法、前后实地研究法和扎根理论研究法。

Existential psychotherapy is an academic trend of thought separated from humanistic psychology in the mid 20th century. Some psychotherapists as such regard existential psychotherapy as their foundation of methodology, whose origin is rooted in the theories and conceptions of European existential philosophy, existentialist art and existential literature. They believe that good and effective psychotherapy is not based on some rigid and unchangeable procedure, but that the psychother-apist is willing to facilitate with his ego the relationship between therapist and client, make the latter have a reflection on his own mind, take steps to adjust his behavior and ifnally help him solve his problem in life. So the therapist and client’s mutual involvement in the process of existential psychotherapy has become a useful method for psychotherapists’ understanding the client. The effect of the therapist and client’s participation can be found out via the participation report, and it has three functions：helping a therapist supervise the contact and participation process of the therapy;facilitating the psychotherapist’s reflection on his treatment for a client; enabling his understanding of the treatment process and improving his future work. Nowadays the methods of participation in this therapy include case stories, case transcripts, single subject case studies, before/after ifeld studies, and grounded theoretical studies.