农村不同性别丧偶老人抑郁状况及影响因素的调查研究

Investigation and study of depression status and influencing factors of rural widowed elderly with different genders

目的了解郴州市农村不同性别丧偶老人的抑郁状况及影响因素。方法利用老年抑郁量表及自行设计的调查表，对随机抽取的30个村组中342名丧偶老人进行调查，并对结果进行分析。结果丧偶老人抑郁症状的检出率为29．8％，其中女性老人抑郁症状检出率为34．7％，男性老人的抑郁症状检出率为22．9％，女性老人的抑郁症状检出率明显高于男性老人，两者之间差异有统计学意义；二分类Logistic回归分析显示：独居、自理能力降低为丧偶老人抑郁症状发生的共同危险因素，且对男性老人的影响大于女性老人；年龄、慢性病是影响男性老人抑郁状况的主要因素，经济保障是影响女性老人抑郁状况的主要因素。结论农村丧偶老人抑郁症状发生率高，但不同性别丧偶老人抑郁状况及影响因素方面存在差异性。因此，社区工作者需采取针对性干预措施，促进老人心理健康。

Objective To understand the depression status and its influencing factors of Chen- zhou rural widowed elderly with different genders. Methods A random sample of 342 widowed elderly from 30 villages was investigated using the Geriatric Depression Scale and a self-designed questionnaire. Results Widowed elderly depression detection rate was 29.8%, depressive symptoms among elderly women detection rate was 34.7%, higher than men＇s depressive symptoms detection rate, which was 22.9%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed： Alone, decreased self-care ability was the common risk factors of depressive symptoms of widowed elderly. The impact on men was bigger than on female. Age, chronic diseases were the main factors affecting depression status of elderly men, and economic security was the main factors affecting the depression status of elderly women. Conclusions The incidence of depressive symptoms in rural widowed elderly is high, but there are differences between widowed elderly with different genders in depression status and influencing factors. Therefore the community workers need to take targeted interventions to promote mental health for the elderly.