中国经济发达地区新生儿科护理人力资源配置的现状调查

Investigation on the allocation status of neonatology nursing human resources in China＇s economically developed areas

目的了解中国经济发达地区新生儿科护理人力资源配置状况和人员结构现状。方法采用立意抽样和多阶段分层抽样，以函寄方式使用自制调查问卷对我国经济发达地区新生儿科护理人力资源配置现状进行调查。结果新生儿科平均床护比与卫生部标准比较，平均医护比分别与卫生部标准、2011年世界平均医护比比较，差异均有统计学意义。新生儿科平均床护比（1：0．79）达到卫生部标准（1：0．58～0．61），总体平均医护比（1：1．22）达到卫生部标准（1：2）和2011年世界平均水平（1：2．1）。新生儿科护士以25—34岁为主（55％）；工作年限分布较平均；以大专学历为主（48％）；以初级职称为主（66％）；以聘用制为主（42％）。年轻、相对资深、高等学历和高级职称人员均集中在三级甲等医院和公立妇幼保健院。7省市新生儿科护理人力资源地理和人口分布的基尼系数均〈0．35。结论长远来看，中国经济发达地区新生儿科护理人力资源总量和人均拥有量均不足，且地理分布在公平性方面还存在差距；不同等级、不同类型医院之间分配不均衡；人员内部结构不合理。

Objective To study the status quo of nursing human resource configuration and structure of neonatology department in China＇s economically developed areas. Methods Using judgment sampiing and multi-stage stratified sampling, investigations were conducted by the self-designed questionnaire in letter in 2012. Results In 2012, both the bed nurse ratio（ 1：0.79） and doctor nurse ratio （1 ： 1.22） met the Health Ministry＇s standards （1 ： 0.58-0.61 and 1 ： 2） respectively. Age distribution of neonatology nursing staff was from 25 to 34 years old （55%）. The distribution of working experience was average. Nurses with junior college degree as the main body took up 48%, with primary title as the main body 66%, and the appointment system accounted for 42%. The nursing personnel with young ages, senior skilled, higher education degree, and advanced titles were concentrated in Grade Ⅲ -A hospitals and public hospitals of women and children. In terms of distribution equity, two Gini coefficients of geographical and population distribution were both less than 0.35 and near zero, which indicated relatively perfect equity. Conclusions The stock and per capita of neonatology nursing human resources in China＇s economically developed areas were insufficient in the long run and showed imbalanced allocation among hospitals with different levels. The allocation structure failed to meet the needs of nursing disciplinary development.