刑罚的轻缓化趋势论略

Discussing The mitigation Trend Towards Penalty

刑罚的轻缓化是人类文明的进步表现。纵览世界刑罚制度发展历史,从古到今,无论在何种类型的国家,刑罚都呈现了由重到轻,由残酷到轻缓的演进规律。刑罚的轻缓化趋势首先体现在启蒙思想家、刑事古典学派、刑事近代学派和二战后新社会防卫运动学者们的理论构建方面。刑罚的谦抑性、人道性、有限性是刑罚轻缓化的理论基础。刑事法学者和国际间组织的积极倡导和推动,启动了刑罚轻缓化的制度设计;通过世界多数国家的刑事立法,在死刑的废止与限制、自由刑行刑的社会化、非监禁刑的适用方面,推动了刑罚的轻缓化实现。

The mitigation trend towards penalty is the progress of human civilization. Throughout thedevelopment history of the world penalty system, since ancient, penalty demonstrates the rule, from heavy tolight, from harshness to gentleness. The mitigation trend towards penalty, first, reflects the theory construction ofenlightenment thinkers,the criminal classical school,the criminal modem school,defensive movement scholarsof the new society, after the second world war. The modest and restrained principle,the human principle,thelimited principle is the theoretical basis of the mitigation of penalty. The advocacy and promotion of criminallaw scholars and international organization has activated the system design of the mitigation of penalty;Thecriminal legislation in most countries in the world, in terms of the death penalty abolished and limitations,socialization of freedom penalty, non-custodial penalty has promoted the implementation of the mitigation ofpenalty.