农民反抗和工人罢工的生态政治学——基于裴宜理两部代表作的分析

The Ecological Politics of Peasants' Resistance and Workers' Strike——Based on Analysis of Elizabeth Perry's Two Representative Books

裴宜理从生态视角出发,运用个案研究方法,深入分析了19世纪中期至20世纪中期淮北农民反抗运动和20世纪20—40年代上海工人罢工。在她看来,华北农民的暴力传统,实质是他们面对恶劣的生态环境所采取的一种生存策略。上海工人在地缘祖籍、性别、教育程度、技术掌握程度和城市生活适应程度上都存在差异,这种差异会影响他们的抗议方式和政治倾向。这就是农民暴力和工人罢工的生态政治学。从方法论层面而言,这更近于呈现事物本来面貌的解读传统,而不是致力于揭示事物之间相互关系的解释传统。近年来,有学者尝试建立整合性的政治行为分析框架,主张结合宏观社会结构和微观行动分析,重视国家与社会关系在解释社会政治行为中的作用。此外,政治领域的文化心理分析自20世纪晚期以来的重新复苏也揭示了另一种可能的整合路径。

From the perspective of ecology and using the method of case study, Elizabeth Perry deeply analyzed the peasants＇ resistance movement in north China from the mid 19th century to the mid 20th century and the workers＇ strikes in Shanghai from the 1920s to the 1940s. In her eyes, the violence tradition of the peasants in north China was essentially a kind of survival strategy responding to the abominable ecological environment they faced. The workers in shanghai differed from each other in their origins, gender, education, mastery of skills, and adaptability to urban life, and these differences would affect their ways of protest and their political orientations. This is the so-called ecological politics of peasants＇ resistance and workers＇ strike. From the methodology point of view, her findings should be better regarded as being approximate to the interpretation tradition, which focuses on the presentation of real things, rather than the explanation tradition, which is intended to disclose the causal relationship among things. Through the recent years, scholars have attempted to establish an integrated analytical framework for political behavior, advocated the combination of macro structural analysis with micro action analysis, and emphasized the role of state-society relationship in explaining human being＇s sociopolitical behavior. Besides, the revival of cultural and psychological analysis in the field of politics since the 1980s also implies another feasible approach to establish such a framework.