山东东部苹果种植园丛枝菌根真菌群落结构特征

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure in Apple Orchards of Eastern Shandong

本试验旨在研究田间条件下苹果根区土壤中丛枝菌根（AM）真菌的群落结构特征。作者从山东威海十字涧、烟台榆树、朋珠和赵各庄、青岛前黄塘和潍坊田尔庄等苹果种植园设立样地，采集根区土壤和根系，分离鉴定AM真菌，并测定该真菌种丰度、分离频度、相对多度、孢子密度、多样性指数和相似性系数等。结果表明，从上述样地共分离AM真菌4属37种，其中，双网无梗囊霉（Acaulospora bireticulata）、摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）和网状球囊霉（Glomus reticulatum）为优势种。威海十字涧、烟台榆树、朋珠和赵各庄、青岛前黄塘和潍坊田尔庄各苹果种植园的根围孢子密度分别是215个／50克、192个／50克、214个／50克、165个／50克、202个／50克和209个／50克；种丰度分别为16、14、13、11、17和14；Shannon指数大小依次为青岛前黄塘〉烟台朋珠〉威海十字涧〉潍坊田尔庄〉烟台榆树〉烟台赵各庄。Sorenson相似系数在0．23～0．45之间，其中烟台朋珠和烟台赵各庄的Soren—son相似系数最大。本调查结果可望为进一步研究我国北方落叶果树AM真菌群落结构与功能提供依据。

The purpose of this investigation was is to estimate the community structure characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungi in root zone soil of apple trees grown in field. Roots and root zone soil simples were collected from the apple orchard in Shizijian of Weihai, Yushu, Pengzhu and Zhaogezhuang of Yantai, Qianhuangtang of Qingdao, and Tianer Zhuang of Weifang to isolate spores, to identify species of AM fungi, and to determinate the spore density, species isolation frequency, relative abundance, species richness, important value and diversity index. The results showed that total 37 species in 4 genera of AM fungi were isolated. Acaulospora bireticulata, Glomus mosseae and Glomus reticulatum were the dominant species in the apple orchards. The spore density of AM fungi in the root zone soil of Shizijian of Weihai, Yushu, Pengzhu and Zhaogezhuang of Yantai, Qianhuangtang of Qingdao, and Tianerzhuang of Weifang was 215/50g, 192/50g, 214/50g and165/50g, 202/50g, and 209/50g soil respectively, while the species richness was 16, 14, 13 and 11 17, and 14 respectively. Shannon indexes AM fungal species in various orchards Showed Qianhuangtang〉 Pengzhu〉 Shizijian〉 Tianerzhuang〉 Yushu〉 Zhaogezhuang. Sorenson ＇ s similarity coefficient was from 0. 23 to 0.45, Pengzhu and Zhaogezhuang showed the biggest similarity co efficient. This finding is expected to provide the basis for further researching community structure andtheir functions of AM fungi in fruit tree plantations in North China.