阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区地面生地衣群落物种分布特征

Floor lichens species distribution characteristics in Altay Two River Sources Natural Reserve in Xinjiang,China

用聚类分析和主成分分析法对阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区地面生地衣群落进行划分;根据优势地衣种类进行群落命名。应用典范对应分析法探讨了地面生地衣种类分布与环境间的关系。结果表明:阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区地面生地衣可分为以下4个群落:白腹地卷+硫石蕊+喇叭粉石蕊群落;茸珊瑚枝+长根地卷+黑瘿地卷群落;土星猫耳衣+软鹿蕊+膜地卷群落;雪岛衣+北方石蕊+绿皮地卷群落。各群落中的地面生地衣种类与盖度,在一定程度上反映了地面生地衣在阿尔泰山两河源保护区分布格局与环境的关系。典范对应分析结果表明,阿尔泰山地面生地衣群落物种分布受到土壤湿度、土壤pH、海拔高度、林冠层郁闭度和灌木层盖度等环境因素的影响,其中海拔、土壤湿度、林冠层郁闭度等对地衣物种分布的影响最大。

The floor lichens species in the Altay Two River Sources Natural Reserve were divided into four different communities based on the species coverage in the 20different sampling sites.The communities were named according to the dominant floor lichen species and cluster and principal component analysis（PCA）methods were used to analyze and divided communities.Canonical Correspondence Analysis（CCA）was used to analyze the correlation of floor lichen species with environments.According to the result of multivariate analysis and universal characteristics of habitat,the floor lichens community in forest ecosystem in Altay Two River Sources Natural Reserve can be generalized four types：（1）Peltigera leucophlebia ＋Cladonia sulphurina＋C.chlorophaea community;（2）Stereocaulon tomentosum＋ Pneopolydatata＋ P.nigripunctata community;（3）Leptogium saturninum ＋Cladina mitis＋ Pneopolydotata membranaceacommunity;（4）Cetraria nivalis＋C.borealis＋Paphthosacommunity.The results reflected a certain correlation of the distribution of floor lichen species with different altitude,canopy density,soil humidity,soil pH and shrub coverage in the study area.