中国铁路客车无障碍设计研究

Barrier-Free Design of Passenger Trains in China

为获取我国铁路客车无障碍设计的相关依据，从分析乘客的需求出发，先后建立了行动不便旅客乘坐铁路客车的需求模型、车厢的无障碍流线模型和无障碍区域的基本布局模型，对比得出了最优的理论布局方案；通过真人实验和虚拟人仿真研究，明确了轮椅回转空间、通行宽度、轮椅使用者手的可及范围等关键尺寸；最后整理提出了我国铁路客车无障碍信息符号及其放置位置研究结果表明：我国铁路客车应设有优先座位、专用无障碍车厢和通用齐全的无障碍信息符号；宜将轮椅席位和无障碍厕所集中设置于无障碍车厢侧门人口处的两侧；优先座位数应不低于每列车总席位的5％；列车8节及以下数量编组时应设置1个轮椅席位，8节以上编组时应设置2个轮椅席位；无障碍流线上的转弯处应预留轮椅转弯空间，直径应不小于1500mm；通行的最小宽度应不小于950mm；操控设备宜安装于离地板面高389—1354mm范围；操作台面深度宜小于423mm．

To find out the solution for barrier-free design were proposed by analyzing the passengers＇ special needs with reduced mobility, the accessible passageway model of passenger trains in China, three models , including the demand model of passenger of coach, and the basic layout model of wheelchair accessible zone. Then, the theoretically optimal layout was obtained by comparing the all schemes. By both human tests and virtual simulations, some key dimensions were determined for barrier-free design of passenger trains, such as wheelchair turning space, passage width, and the controllable range of wheelchair users ~ hands. Further, the accessibility information symbols in passenger trains were introduced and some suggestions were provided for their places. The results show that trains should be equipped with priority seats, accessible coach and accessibility information symbols. Wheelchair accessible seat and individual washroom for wheelchair users should be arranged on both sides of the coach entrances. The number of the priority seats is no less than 5% of the seats. When the number of the coaches is no more than 8, one wheelchair accessible seat is required. But when the number of the coaches is more than 8, two wheelchair accessible seats are required. The diameter of wheelchair turning area is no less than φ1 500 ram, and there should be one at the every corner of the accessible passageway. The passage width for passengers with reduced mobility is no less than 950 mm. All of the controllers should be installed on the wall with 389 - 1 354 mm far away from the floor. The depth of the table surface should be less than 423 ram.