茶园低碳管理方式对结网型蜘蛛群落结构影响

Effects of Low-carbon Management on Community Structure of Web Spiders in Tea Plantations

为有效利用茶园天敌控制病虫害,对茶园不同生产管理方式中的结网型蜘蛛进行调查,分析其群落的种类、组成和多样性。结果表明:结网型蜘蛛共采集到5科11种,多刺新园蛛(Neoscona polyspinipes)为优势种;低碳管理茶园(DT)与常规管理茶园(CG)间结网型蜘蛛群落组成存在明显差异,DT比CG的种类和个体数分别高出2.67倍和0.68倍。此外,多样性指数中,DT与CG差异明显,夏秋和冬春茶期间DT比CG分别增加1.39倍和1.04倍;DT均匀性指数数值较大,而CG优势度指数数值较大。主成分分析表明,DT明显向多刺新园蛛、雪银斑蛛(Argyrodes argentatus)、草间钻头蛛(Itatsina praticola)、卡氏盖蛛(Neriene cavaleriei)和温室希蛛(Achaearanea tepidariorum)等结网型蜘蛛群落数量分布较多的方向偏移。由此可知,茶园实行低碳管理,生境结构植物丰富,人为干扰少,有利于保护结网型蜘蛛种类多样性。

In order to promote more effective pest control in tea plantations, we examined the effects of web spider communities in terms of species composition, structure and diversity in tea plantations subjected to different production management. Sampling was collected from tea plantations with low-carbon management （DT） and routine management （CG）. The results showed that： Web spiders that were collected belonged to 5 families and 11 species, and Neoscona polyspinipes was the dominant species. The community structure in plantation DT was significantly richer than in plantation CG, with 2.67-fold and 0.68-fold the species and individual numbers, respectively. In addition, the diversity index, during summer-autumn and winter-spring, increased by 1.39-fold and 1.04-fold, respectively, in plantation DT compared with plantation CG, and had a much higher evenness index, and lower dominance index. Principal component analysis showed that plantation DT contained significantly distributed more community orientation offsets to the number of web spiders of Argyrodes argentatus, Itatsina praticola, Neoscona polyspinipes, Neriene cavaleriei, and Achaearanea tepidariorum. Therefore, low-carbon management, a rich habitat structure of plants, and less human interference were all conducive to the protection of web spider species diversity.