N、P、K对铁兰属植物Tillandsia stricta生长与开花的影响

Effects of N, P, K Proportion on Vegetative Growth and Florescence of Tillandsia stricta

以铁兰属植物Tillandsia stricta 2年生植株为试材,通过施加不同配比的N、P、K肥料,观察N、P、K对Tillandsia stricta生长与开花的影响。结果表明:N肥对Tillandsia stricta生物量影响最大,不同水平之间达到显著差异,其中200 mg/L N效果最优,达到18.87 g;P肥对Tillandsia stricta叶面积影响最大,F值为4.66,不同水平之间对叶面积的影响达到显著差异,120 mg/L P效果最优,达到1.84 cm2。不同水平K之间对成花率的影响达到极显著差异,以120 mg/L K效果最优,达到69.23%。适宜Tillandsia stricta营养生长的N、P、K用量配比组合为N2P3K1,即N:P2O5:K2O=1:3.1:1,而适宜其花芽分化和提高其开花品质的N、P、K用量配比组合为N2P1K2,即N:P2O5:K2O=1.4:1:2。

Tillandsia stricta was chosen as the testing material. By applying different ratio of N, P, K on T. stricta, effects of N, P, K proportion on vegetative growth and florescence of T. stricta was observed. The results indicated that under the condition of this experiment, nitrogen（N） was the most important factor influencing biomass differentiation. The difference in the number of biomass among three levels was significant at P=0.05 level, 200 mg/L N had the best effect, which was up to 18.87 g. Phosphorus（P） was the most important factor influencing leaf area differentiation and the value of F was 4.66. The difference in the number of leaf area among three levels was significant at P=0.05 level, 120 mg/L P had the best effect, which was up to 1.84 cm2. The effects of N, P, K on flower quality were different, potassium（K） was the most important factor influencing floral bud differentiation and the difference in the number of floral bud among three levels was significant at P= 0.01 level, 120 mg/L N have the best effect, which was up to 69.23%. The optimum fertilization of growing level of N, P and K was N2P3K1, i.e. N：P2O5：K2O=1：3.1：1. The optimum fertilization of flowering level of N, P and K was N2P1K2, i.e. N：P2O5：K2O =1.4：1：2.