免耕条件下提高冬小麦播种质量及其产量的研究

Improving Planting Quality and Crop Yield for No Tillage Winter Wheat

保护性耕作对冬小麦产量的影响在不同区域差异很大,为了研究与其相适应的配套栽培方式以提高免耕播种质量提高产量,分析了在半湿润区免耕秸秆覆盖条件下3种机具播种方式(机具+行距)和3个播量水平对冬小麦播种质量及其产量形成的影响。免耕秸秆覆盖条件下机具播种方式对冬小麦生长及产量有显著影响,其中小宽窄行机具播种方式播种质量最优,表现为基本苗、群体数量、叶面积指数、干物质重最高,产量比其他2种机具播种方式(大宽窄行和宽行宽带播种方式)分别增产29.6%和25.8%(2010—2012年),主要是穗数的提高(30.2%和36.2%)。播量与机具播种方式存在显著交互效应,增加播量是弥补免耕播种出苗率低的重要栽培措施。3年试验结果表明小宽窄行机具播种方式与增加20%播量组合最优,可作为该区域保护性耕作免耕播种方式。

No tillage winter wheat yield varied across different regions. In order to investigate better crop management for higher planting quality and crop yield under no tillage, three sowing patterns （including row spacing and seeders） and three sowing rates were designed to analyze their effects on crop growth and grain yield under no tillage. The results showed significant effects of sowing pattern （including row spacing and seeders） on wheat growth and yield under the experimental conditions, and the small-wide-narrow sowing pattern performed best, producing highest basic seeding, crop population, leaf area index and aboveground biomass. The crop yield was higher by 29.6% and 25.8% compared with other two patterns from 2010 to 2012 （large- wide-narrow pattern and large equal row）, which was mainly contributed by the increased spike numbers （30.2% and 36.2%）. Interactions between planting pattern and sowing rate significantly affected spike number and grain yield. Increasing sowing rate can be considered as an important measure to compensate the low basic seeding under no tillage winter wheat. The three-year results showed that small-wide-narrow sowing pattern with increased 20% seeding rate can be considered as the most reasonable management for no tillage winter wheat in the region.