植物“液泡膜”H^+ -PPase的功能与应用

Function and Application of “Tonoplast”H^+ -PPase from Plant

H+-PPase是一类将焦磷酸水解与质子转运相耦联的焦磷酸酶。在植物中,主要定位在液泡膜,少量定位于细胞质膜,除具有酸化液泡、有助于有毒离子的液泡区室化功能外,还有调控质膜H+-ATPase介导的根际酸化,促进氮、磷吸收的功能。本文就植物"液泡膜"H+-PPase的定位、结构与性质、调控与作用机制及其在基因工程中的利用等方面展开论述,旨在使研究者系统地了解"液泡膜"H+-PPase的研究进展,为未来通过调控H+-PPase的表达来改进植物的生长发育、抗盐耐旱能力、氮、磷肥的利用效率等生产应用提供参考。

H＋-PPase is a kind of pyrophosphatases that catalyzes the specific hydrolysis of PPi and couples to proton transport,mainly localized on the tonoplast,few on the plasma membrane in higher plant.In addition to acidifying vacuole and contributing to the sequestration of toxic ions in the vacuole,H＋-PPase also regulates plasma-type adenosine triphosphatase （P-H＋-ATPase）-mediated rhizosphere acidification,root proliferation,phosphorus and nitrogen utilization efficiency.In this review,we reviewed results on the localization,structure,property,regulation,physiological mechanisms and utilization of the ＂vacuolar＂ H＋-PPase,designed to enable researchers to understand systematically the research progress in the H＋-PPase,and provided references to improve plant growth and development,salt-and drought-tolerant ability,utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphatic fertilizer.