旅游业对抚仙湖水环境的影响及其对策研究

Impact of Tourism on Fuxian Lake Water Environment and Its Countermeasures

抚仙湖作为云南省省级旅游度假区,目前正面临着诸多环境问题,入湖污染负荷不断加剧,2010年抚仙湖流域旅游污水负荷化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN),总磷(TP)产生量分别占水环境承载力的3.7%,13.3%,15.2%,入湖量则分别占水环境承载力的2.6%,9.3%,11.0%。随着抚仙湖游客数量的逐年增多,到2015年,抚仙湖流域预测旅游污水负荷COD,TN,TP的产生量、入湖量将迅速增长,它们在水环境承载力中的比例也将大幅提高。本文从旅游业生活污水、固体废弃物和房地产开发等方面,综述并分析了旅游业对抚仙湖水环境的影响,提出了以保护抚仙湖Ⅰ类水质为基础、整合乡村生态旅游资源的生态旅游发展对策,为实现抚仙湖生态旅游真正可循环经济发展提供了科学的理论依据。

Fuxian Lake,as a provincial tourism resort of Yunnan province,was facing many environmental problems,the rising of pollution load into the lake.The tourism wastewater output loads of chemical oxygen demand （COD）,total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） were 3.7%,13.3% and 15.2% of water environmental carrying capacity of Fuxian Lake in 2010,respectively and the input loads were 2.6%,9.3% and 11.0% of the water environmental carrying capacity,respectively.The number of tourists of the Fuxian Lake is increasing year by year.By 2015,we predict the tourism wastewater output loads of the Fuxian Lake will grow rapidly,their proportion in the water environmental carrying capacity also will be greatly improved.We analyzed the impact on the water environment of Fuxian Lake by domestic sewage,solid waste and real estate from tourism.Furthermore,based on protecting Grade Ⅰ water quality of the Fuxian Lake,ecotourism development countermeasures were presented by integrating rural ecological tourism resources in the paper.It will provide scientific theory basis for making ecotourism to be the true circular economy development.