云南省马铃薯生产中的化肥偏生产力分析

Analysis of Partial Factor Productivity(PFP of Potato Production in Yunnan Province

化肥偏生产力（PFP）是反映当地土壤基础养分水平和化肥施用量综合效应的重要指标.本文在2008-2009两年对云南省11个州/市13个县/市的212个农户进行问卷调查,探讨了马铃薯的肥料施用现状、化肥PFP及农户施肥合理性.结果表明,马铃薯生产中总养分投入量为546.4 kg/hm2,其中氮（N）,磷（P2O5）和钾（K2O）投入量分别为285.4,149.1,111.9 kg/hm2;化肥占总养分的比例为65.2％;马铃薯的化肥偏生产力为82.3 kg/kg,其中氮（N）、磷（P2O5）和钾肥（K2O）的偏生产力分别为158.7,278.0,416.3 kg/kg.以氮（N）、磷（P2O5）和钾（K2O）肥的投入量分别为150～250,45～90,90 ～ 120 kg/hm2作为合理施肥范围,则云南省马铃薯合理施氮、磷、钾的农户分别占总调查农户的21.6％,30.7％,10.8％.

Partial factor productivity （PFP） is a ratio of crop yield and fertilization rate for a certain fertilizer.It reflects the overall status of soil fertility and fertilizer use.In this study,212 potato cultivating farmers distributed in 13 counties of 11 prefectures in Yunnan province were interviewed during 2008 ～ 2009,the status of current fertilizer application,PFP and rational fertilization were discussed.Results indicated the average fertilization rate was 546.4 kg/hm2,including N 285.4 kg/hm2,P2O5 149.1 kg/ hm2 and K2O 111.9 kg/hm2.Chemical fertilizer contributed to 65.2% of total nutrient application.Thetotal chemical fertilizer PFP of potato was 82.3 kg/kg,PFP for N,P and K fertilizers were 158.7,278.0,416.3 kg/kg,respectively.In comparison with current rational recommended rate of N 150 ～ 250 kg/hm2,P2O5 45 ～90 kg/hm2,and K2O 90 ～ 120 kg/hm2,only 21.6%,30.7% and 10.8% farmers could apply N,P and K fertilizers properly in potato production in Yunnan province.