先秦儒家话语中的忠孝冲突

The Contradiction of Loyalty and Filial Piety in Thoughts of the Pre-Qin Confucianists

在先秦社会剧烈变迁的过程中,以"孝"为代表的家庭伦理和以"忠"为代表的政治伦理存在着微妙的关系。在先秦传世文献中,尊亲和事君、私情和公义时而统一,时而冲突。考察以孔、孟、荀为代表的先秦儒家关于家庭伦理和政治伦理的关系的论述,发现早期儒家关于忠、孝所分别代表的政治伦理和家庭伦理的关系的思想,经历了一个政治伦理逐渐强化并取得对家庭伦理的优先地位的过程。

During the complex societal change in pre--Qin dynasties, family ethics and political ethics, which were respectively represented by filial piety and loyalty, had a delicate relationship. To be more spe- cific, while for most of time family ethics and political ethics stayed unified, they did have noticeable con- tradiction in particular situations. Based on the studies of discourses on the relationships between family ethics and political ethics in pre--Qin Confucian classical literatures, it is clear that to earlier Confucian- ists, political ethics gradually outweighed family ethics.