转基因生物越境转移之事先知情同意制度

An Analysis on Prior Informed Consent System of GMOS across the Border in Transferring

转基因生物越境转移的现象对全球生物多样性保护以及人类生命安全构成严重威胁,因此,控制转基因生物转移显得日益重要。在《生物安全议定书》中提出的事先知情同意制度,是限制和保障转基因生物转移的一道屏障,它将发挥着越来越大的作用。然而,事先知情同意制度在立法上存在适用对象模糊、适用条件不合理以及在执法上存在进出口双方执行力不足、法律责任不明的情形,因而通过明确界定适用对象、适用条件以及在监督上引进安全证制度等来完善事先知情同意制度。

The phenomenon of GMOs transferring across border poses a serious threat to global biodiversity and the safety of human life. Therefore, it appears increasingly important to control GMOs transferring. Prior informed consent system, proposed in the Cartagena protocol on biosafety, is a fence to limit and safeguard transferring of GMOs creatures, and it will play a more and more important role. However, there are the following defects in legislation about the advanced consent system： obscure on application object, unreasonable application condition, weak enforcing of impostor and exporter and vague legal liability. Therefore, clearly defining application objects, application condition and importing security system on supervision are needed to improve the advanced consent system.