也谈文字的借用现象——读裘锡圭先生的《文字学概要》

On the borrowing of Chinese characters——Reading The Summary of Philology by Qiu Xi-gui

裘锡圭先生将文字借用现象概括为形借、音借和义借。进一步研究,发现三种借用除了同义换读是本有其字的借用外,形借和假借都分两种类型:本有其字的借用和本无其字的借用。文字的借用,除了一部分是为了调整文字字形外,很大一部分是为了完善其表音表义作用,有时还对语用有所帮助,体现了文字与语言的密切关系。

In Qiu Xi-gui′s book The Summary of Philology, the borrowing of Chinese characters is generalized as form-borrowing, pronunciation-borrowing and meaning-borrowing. A further study found that among the three types of borrowing, synonymous replacement is the borrowing with the original character, while the other two both include the borrowing with and without the original character. The borrowing of Chinese characters is partly for adjusting the form of character, mainly for improving the semantic and phonetic roles, and sometimes is helpful to the use of language, which reflects the close relationship between character and language.