课堂教学变革的反思与重建——“慕课”背景下课堂教学变革的思考

Reflection and Reconstruction of the Reform of Classroom Teaching:Classroom Teaching Reform Based on MOOCs

班级授课制自诞生以来对人类教学实践产生了深远影响,但是难以关照学生的个性差异始终是其难以克服的弊病。最近一个多世纪,学者们总是在寻求尊重个体差异与需求的课堂教学变革,然而,这些变革在与班级授课制的抗衡中均已消亡。近期,＂慕课＂持续高速发展,它以开放性的课程、基于大数据的个性化学习分析、多主体的交流互动、基于微视频与交互练习的知识图谱式学习路径等基本特征冲击和挑战了课堂教学,倒逼课堂教学的变革。满足学生日益增长的个性化学习需求是新技术发展与课堂教学方式变革的动力,要充分发挥二者的优势,课堂＂翻转＂是必然趋势。课堂＂翻转＂改变了原有课堂教学要素的动态组合与互动方式,势必重建课堂教学生态。

The classroom teaching system has produced a profound effect on teaching practice since its first appearance. It is difficult to take care of students＇ individual differences, which has always been the disadvantages. People have always been looking for reforms of respecting individual differences for nearly a century. Nevertheless, the reforms disappeared in the contending against the class teaching system. Recently, MOOCs develop in a rapid pace. MOOCs have struck and challenged the classroom teaching system with its open courses, the personalized learning analysis based on big data, the inter- action of multi-participators and the learning path of knowledge map. The MOOCs force the classroom teaching system to reform. It is the same goal to meet the growing personalized learning needs of students for the MOOCs and the reforms. Flipped classroom is the inevitable trend after integrating their advantages. Flipped classroom changes the combination and interaction of class elements. Hence the class teaching ecology will be reconstructed.